Oil burner evaporator



Dec. 8, 1953 G. c. KEMP 2,661,797

OIL BURNER EVAPORATOR Filed Nov. 10, 1951 oo ooo 0000000 000000 00000 2co/wo/v c. KEMP v y wwf g Patented Dec. 8, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE OIL BURNER EVAPORATOR Gordon C. Kemp, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaApplication November 10, 1951, Serial No. 255,780

11 Claims.

This invention generally relates to an oil burner of the vaporizingtype, and is a continuation-inpart of application Serial No. 94,869,filed on the 23rd day of May 1949 and now abandoned.

In oil burners of the vaporizing type liquid fuel oil i introduced intoa heated chamber where it is vaporized and mixed with a primary supplyof air. As the mixture rich in oil forms, it expands, begins to burn,and moves through the chamber. Subsequently, what is commonly called asecondary supply of air is added to the mixture in an amount sufiicientto support complete combustion of the oil. j

Most burners of the vaporizing type have been vertical. That is, thefuel oil is'introduced onto a horizontal base and the vapors risetherefrom vertically. One difliculty encountered with the vertical typvaporizing burner has been the excessive amounts of carbon that resultfrom the quick rise of the burning mixture of oil and air as they risebefore they have an opportunity to heat the sides of the vaporizingchamber. There have been attempts to overcome carbon from this I causeby constructing a vaporizing burner in which the vapors move in asubstantially hori; zontal direction. -They have, however, 'had only'limited success in reducing the carbonfand with most of them it isnecessary to use a relatively highly refined oil to obtain a reasonablyclean The burner of this inventionis a horizontal type burner, that is,the vapors as they are formed move in a substantially horizontaldirection, but with the present burner the temperature of the base ofthe vaporizing chamber is substantially higher with the result that theforma: tion of carbon is substantially eliminated even when oils of alower grade than those customarily used in burners of this general classare burned. Generally speaking, a burner according to the presentinvention has an oil vaporizing and mixing chamber with a mouth at itsfront end through which vapors and gases can move'in a substantiallyhorizontal direction. The base of the vaporizing and mixing chamber,'over which the gases, and vapors proceed as they travel 7 towards themouth, slopes rearwardly and downwardly from the mouth. According to theinvention a plurality of primary air jets and a plurality of secondaryair jets are arranged in th chamber to overlie the base, the secondaryair jets being in advance of the primary air jets and both the primaryand secondary air jets being uniformly spaced apart over a combined areathat over-' lies substantially all of the base within the vaporburneraccording to the invention.

The invention will be clearly understood after reference to thefollowing detailed specification read in conjunction with the drawings;

In the drawin s, 1 Figure 1 is a sectional elevational Figure 2 is aplan View taken along the line 2-2 of Figure 1, and

Figure 31s a view showing a burner installed in a hot air furnace.

Referring to the drawings, the letter A generally indicates an oilburner, or more accurately- -perhapsan oil vaporizer, according'to thepresent invention. It comprises a casing'formed with an air admittingchamber i0 :and anoil vaporizing and mixing chamber I I, the latterchamber having a mouth I2 at its'front end through which vaporsand gasescan move in a substantially horizontal direction.

The base 13 of the vaporizing and mixing chamber II slopes rearwardlyand'downwardly from the open mouth I2 as at It and merges with ahorizontal portion'l5 adjacent the back thereof. Preferably the base I3of the vaporizing'and mixing chamber II is formed with an extension I6that projects beyond the mouth I 2 in' the same planeas the slopingportion I4. J

Numeral II refers to an oil inlet tube-for admitting'oil tothe rearhorizontal portion I5 ofthebase I3, Preferably the rear horizontalportion I5 of the base I3 has two upstanding ridges I9, one on eachsideof the oil inlet tube I'I. These ridges serve to guide the incoming oilto a central position on horizontal base l5 and gives con trolleddistribution of ber I I.

According to the invention, primary and secvaporized gases in chamondaryair, to achieve vaporization and'support combustion of oil admitted tothe chamber II, is introduced thereto through a series "of primary.

and secondary air jets that are uniformly spacedv apart over a combinedarea that overlies substantially all of the base I3 of the vaporizingand "mixing chamber I. The jets are pointed to di Y view of av 3 rectair therefrom downwardly on the base. In the embodiment of the inventionshown, the air admitting chamber overlies the combustion chamber II andis separated therefrom by means of the plate 18. The plate [3 isarranged to overlie the base [3 so that it is substantially parallel tothe sloping portion I4 thereof and the aforementioned jets compriseholes drilled the plate l8. The primary air jets are behind thesecondary air jets and comprise a series of relatively small holes l9adrilled in the rear portion of 'plate 8 at uniformly spaced apartintervals. The secondary air jets comprise larger holes 20 formed in theplate 18 in advance of the holes l9a. The primary air is admitted'forthe purpose of vaporizing and mixing with the oil vapors as they risefrom the hot base 13 in operation. The holes 20 are large enough toensure that the secondary air is added in sufii cient amounts to achievecomplete combustion of the. oil admitted after preliminary or primary,mixing. or oil and air. The principles govern: ing-l'theadmission of.primary and secondary air burners are well known and need not begoneinto in this specif cation in detail. To do so; would onlyunnecessarily burden it.

ll will be apparent that with the plate l8 moiintedin substantiallyparallel relation to the sloping portion of the base 13 that airpassthrough the primary and secondary jets will nioyeldownwardly ontothe base at substantially right anglesif driven through the jet openingswith su hci hh Ko ea In the embodiment of the invention shown a motor 2|drives a fan (not shown) to force air in through they opening 22,.0i theair admitting chamber'lfl andl'f'o'roe it around the. babies. 23.

ndigdown through the jetop enings I90. and 20 with sufficient force tocau i, to strike the baseliduring operation. Bafiles 23 and 2 4 areintroduced to achieve an even distribution of the air, taken inthroughopening 22. over all of the Jetihl eg i lt'o p oilflowing bacl:into air'clfl aniber l0 e s in rel e 8 t an hem:

hine. ilibec'ame flooded with oil.

hi a h 3 i t mhhst o h m er. t h.-

" cast and of substantial thickness as gere b t a tofwithstandthe,highoperating t s invfl 1 pera'tures' that are attained high. fireoneraehe. hte Q i e e -like le th r n whic ehhd 'r hir h hhf hawi ra th haseieea h n the urne he et i y his; are th slopi e' r' ih mic; he ba rea esatem perature or about 170MB, a tem per wai ed; high for the formationoff'carb on.

rh i1 be i b ht sl. in -var etr f ways. It" is convenient, however, tocast the base, baffL lfi, front wall 25, and side. walls 26 and platel8v m "e piece, form the portion or mean admittingv chamber 10 behindthe battle. H in one piece and secure it to the forward section of thecasing by; bolts, and form the top 27' separately and weld it intoposition. e1" 23 fisl'alsov formed separately and welded .i A tiOn- ThIl m Q .1 41d 1 3 1 '1 are secured by any suitable means.

It w of ou se, eu de t cc by os skille intheart' that the burner so fardescribed is, for use in a combustion chamber 28 of a furnace such as,the one 23. illustratedinFigure 3. In use, the motor 2.! drives th epf an, only the housing 2 to. of which is shown, to force airv into theopen;ing, 22 in suflicient amounts for the-primary and secondary. supply ofair. 'Theadmission or, oil

'n't p t lfi- 33 16 4 s 31 9 ov d 4 to the base of the vaporizing andcombustion chamber I] can be either manually or thermostaticallycontrolled.

It will be appreciated that the amount of heat generated dependsentirely on the amount of oil admitted to the vaporizing and combustionchamber H. The burner is started as all other vaporizing type burnersare started, that is, a small quantity of oil is admitted to thecombustion chamber and ignited bymeans of a lighted wick or the like. Atthe. same time, of course, the motor 2! drives the fan to supply air tothe vaporizing and combustion chamber. If the burnen is toibe operatedthermostatically, it will be necessary to maintain burning oil in thecombustion-chamber H at all times. The practice is to maintaintnisburning at a minimum when the thermostat does not demand heat and toincrease the burning when the thermostat demands heat. One cansuccessfully maintain a pilot fiarnewith 2 cc. of oil per minute. Suchaflow to the base of the vaporizing chamber can becone trol led by, wellknown means. On-low fire the oil usually completely burns in the. rearportion-of; thevaporizing chamber; On high fire, however, the oil uponadmission is vaporized by. the residual hea qi h hase po hh m xe th timeair forced through the jets 19a, These vapors are quite rich in oil andas theyv form they roll up the inclined portion 14 of the base andreceive the econda ai u h h l s 11-, P rtia combustion has taken place,by the, time. the. vapors reach the portion of the base thatliestsecondary holes 26) andthe base [3.beooihes very, hot as. indicatedabove. The base issohot that carbon cannot. form. From the o en mouth12. of the, vaporizing Ichamber the burning o il vapors, mixed withsufiicientoxygen to siniport complete combustion, passinto the fire-pot28, of the furnaceZfl, and completely. burn. I

As previously indicated, air isiorc'edthrough the jets 49 n 251, withsuirf cient foreeto i'ni-f' h n neon. th ba e 1 t th s man' tha 3a ighbasetemperature within the burner eash? 11;- t b a n a mc eht u ta tialy carbon free, vaporization-of. the oil, 2 1

hehit e. b rn rsra s h pil t. fl nt o, t hate mperature s n he h e ibourhooclot e00? 15 bntonthe low rate of bdrm ing carbon does notreadily form because there ham e rh ss f ar th.

The. burner can. a q a li d o. d m s i i coplging ranges or stoves, inwhich case,th e.rate or oil. fee i ch;any-chew-T0 1 a sua y somewhatless than thehigh fire rate Iof feed lseithe bi th heard in a r ac I a end ev pp ic ti he o i i sal}- reachesa temperature. of about 1290? The ahhhsi h burn r a e of co rse uma o var e i s th u d ar n from myhvehiiqhq rov d n horizonta hu h had, evenly, supplying. primary andsecondary. air. un der pressure over. substantially all of the base areafthereot; to secure a base operat ng. temperg. att re so. highthatcarbon will not form.

What I clairnas, nay invention is: a

141. ade h for hummel; il- 190??? ns. aha-mime hamb h vin r i ie hratevide w ll and amo th at its r m ad'th ohehhapp shhd a es h ma v aid ran hihg' mixin chamb h in a best o er. hi h gas and. a prst n qq d a he i rahl Wh res. Said, m uth th t slc es earwar and ewhwats l tram said. mou hm ans. o .1%. Remap na e hnda r a r tr ke as.

'said base including means for forming a pmrality of primary air jets insaid chamberoverlying said base, and means for forminga plurality ofsecondary air jets in said chamber overlying said base, said means forforming said secondary air jets being closer to the mouth of saidvaporizing and mixing chamber than said means for forming said primaryairjets, saidmeansfor.

forming said primary and said secondary air jets being spacedapart overa combined areathat overlies substantially all of said base within saidvaporizing and mixing chamber and pointed. to

direct jets therefrom downwardly onto said base substantially at rightangles thereto, means for admitting fuel oiltothe rear of said base,means for forcing air through said means for form-; ing said primary andsecondaryair jets and.

against said base, and said means forming said primary and secondary airjets constituting the sole supply means for air from said air forcingmeans. I

2. A device for burning oil as claimed in claim 1, in which said base ofsaid vaporizing and mixing chamber is formed with an extension thatprojects beyond said mouth in the same plane as the sloping portionthereof.

3. In a device for burning oil, an oil vaporizing and mixing chamberhaving imperforate side walls and a mouth at its front end through whichvapors and gases can move, said vaporizing and mixing chamber having vabase over which gases and vapors proceed as they travel towards saidmouth. that slopes rearwardly and downwardly from said mouth, said baseof said vaporizing and'mixing: chamber having a horizontalas' well as asloping section, said horizontal section being atthe rear thereof andmerging with said slopingsection, means for causingprimary and secondaryair to strike against said base including means for forming a pluralityof primary air jets in said chamber overlying said base, and means forforming a plurality of secondary air jets in said chamber overlying saidbase, said means for forming said secondary air jets being closer to themouth of said vaporizing and mixing chamber than said means for formingsaid primary air jets, said means for forming said primary and saidsecondary air jets being uni. formly spaced apart over an area thatoverlies substantially all of said base within said vaporizing andmixing chamber and pointed to direct jets therefrom towards said basesubstantially at right angles thereto, means for admitting fuel oil tothe rear of said base, means for forcing air through said means forforming said primary and secondary air jets and against said base andsaid means forming said primary and secondary air jets constituting thesole supply means for air from said air forcing means. I

4. A device for burning oil as claimed in claim 3 in which said base ofsaid vaporizing and mixing chamber is formed with an extension thatextends beyond said mouth in the same plane as the sloping portionthereof.

5. A device for burning oil comprising a casing, said casing beingformed with an air admitting chamber and an oil vaporizing and mixingchamber, said vaporizing and mixing chamber having imperforate sidewalls and a mouth at its front end through which vapors and gases canmove, said vaporizing and mixing chamber having a base over which gasesand vapors proceed as they travel toward said mouth that slopesrearwardly and downwardly from said mouth, said air admitting chamberoverlying said vaporizing and mixing chamber and being separatedtherefrom by a partition, said partition being. formed with a pluralityof holes that serve asprimary air jets, said partition further beingformed with a plurality of holesthat serve as secondary air jets, saidprimary and said secondary air jets being spaced over a combined areathat overlies substantially all of the said base within said vaporizingand mixing chamber, said secondary jets being closer to the mouth ofsaid vaporizing and mixing chamber than said primary jets, saidpartition in which said primary and'said secondary jets are formed beingsubstantially parallel to said base as it slopes away from said mouth todirect an air stream therefrom toward said base, said air admittingchamber having an air-inlet, means for admitting fuel oil to the rear ofsaid base, means for drawing air into said air admitting chamber andforcing it through said holes in said partition that separates said airadmitting chamber from said oil vaporizing and mixing chamber-'to'strikeagainst said base, andsaidholes formed in said partition constitutingthe sole supply means for air to said vaporizing and mixing chamber fromsaid air forcing means. r

6. A device for burning oil as claimed in claim 5 iIl'WhiCh said base ofsaid vaporizing and mixing chamber is formed with an extension thatextends beyond said mouth in the same plane as the sloping portionthereof.

'7. A device for burning oil comprising,;a casing, said casing beingformed with an air admitting chamber and with an oil vaporizing andmixing chamber, said vaporizing and mixing,

a sloping section, said horizontal section being at the rear thereof andmerging with said sloping section, said air admitting chamber overlyingsaid vaporizing and mixing chamber and being separated therefrom by apartition, said partition being formed with a plurality of holes thatserve as primary air jets, said partition further being formed with aplurality of holes that serve as secondary air jets, said primary andsaid secondary air jets being spaced over a combined area that overliessubstantially all of said base within said vaporizing and mixingchamber, said secondary jets being closer to the mouth of saidvaporizing and mixing chamber than said primary jets, said partition inwhich said jets are formed being substantially parallel to said basewhere it slopes away from said mouth to direct the air stream from thejets formed therein toward said base, said air admitting chamber havingan air inlet, means for admitting fuel oil to the rear of said base,means for drawing air into said air admitting chamber and forcing itthrough said holes in said partition that separates said air admittingchamber from said oil vaporizing and mixing chamber and against saidbase, and said holes formed in said partition constituting the solesupply means for air to said vaporizing and mixing chamber from said airforcing means.

8. A device for burning oil as claimed in claim 7, in which said base isformed with an extenmg and; mixing 7 chamber; haying, imperforate side;

walls and a; mcuthlat; its: front end through wh ch v pors nd sa xanrmnraid: vaporiz ing and mixing chamber havingra baseorenzwhich gasesand:vapors proceed as, they traveletowards;

said; mouth "that Sl pes r arwardiy and 1 down-- Wa-rdlyirom saidmouthinguisforidil ecting: pri and secondary; air te -strike againstsaid; base including means for forming; a-plurality of primary airjets-in; said chamber orerlyingrsaid base, means .for forming aplurality: of secondary, air 7- ets. in said chamber; orerlyingsaid-base; said secondary air jetsbeingcioser tothe mouth'of-z aid fl pozing and m X n mhamberthan said primary air jets said. means.., forming.said ;pri-. mary and said secondary ai ;its,.;being-spaced apart one! acombined area that oyeriiessubstantiallyall of said base within said.vaporizing; and? mixing; chamber and pointed to direct airtherefromhdownwardly ontqsaid base substantially at right angles theretomeans for admitting; fuel 0,111,110 therear ofsaid base.,-.and-saidmeans forming said primary; and; said secondary air. jets. be

ing -thesole means for; admitting. air to. said vaporizing and: mixing,chamben. V

11., A device for; burning oil, comprising, a casm S d cas n LbB n QriImQd with an.- air admit-- ting chamber ;and@ with. .an:.oil, vaporizingand mixing chamber,; said vaporizing; and mixing a chamber: havingimperfoiiatez side: walls and a mouth'atiits front end "throughwhich'vaporsgand gases cam; more; said: vaporizing;- and mixing chamber:having a: base over which: gases 3 and vapors, proceed; as. they; traveltoward :said-zmouth that, slopesrearwardly andi downwardly from saidmouth, said. base? of v said; vaporizing: and; mixing" chamber having ahorizontal :aswell as. a; sloping: 1 sectinn; said hnrizcntal section 1being: atathe-irear thereofdand mergingiwith'said slope ingysection,said-air admittinga chamber overlying said. vaporizing:- andmixingehamber and" being separated therefrom by axpartitiom said.partition. being formed with :a plurality or holes that-serve asprimarya-ir jets; said partition fur= therfl'being formed with aplurality of holesrthaflserve as secondary air jets, .said: primary andsaidsecondary airrjets' being spaced over a-come bined. areathat-overlies. substantiallyall -cifzzsai'd', base within saidvaporizing :and. mixing chamber; said secondary jets being closer to themouthrof said: vaporizi-ngand mixing: chamberthannsaid primary jets,saidrpartition in- .whichzsaid: jets are formedrbeingrisubstantiallyparallel to: said base where it. slopesraway from said1 mouth to; directthe air streamifromstheijetsformedz'thema in: to strike-said base. said.air admitting: chamher having an ,air: inlet; means for admitting fuel;oilto the rear of isai'd base; and said-holes:

; formed in1said: partition being-ithe' scl'e meansior' admitting air'to. said .vaporizings: chamber.

Number 2,537,361 Miller Feb. 26, 1952

